Why is snow white and ice transparent?

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Ice is a crystalline material, meaning that the water molecules in it are regularly ordered. The surface of ice is therefore very smooth.

Snow is made from snowflakes, which are six sided. On the ground, snow has a very irregular surface because snowflakes land higgledy-piggledy, in no particular order. Light is refracted by the smooth surface of the ice, meaning all the rays of light pass through the ice at the same angle, making it, therefore, transparent. Snow with its uneven surface reflects and refracts light at multiple different angles giving it a white color.


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